基于电化学原理的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量技术

飞机燃油箱惰化系统属飞机燃油系统设计中重要的分系统，为了准确评估燃油箱惰化系统的功能与性能，需要根据飞机实际使用剖面和惰化系统设计特点确定适用的飞行测试方法。提出了一种基于电化学原理的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量方法，用于飞行实时测量运输类飞机油箱内无油空间或惰化管路的气体氧浓度，并对飞行中的实际影响因素进行模拟分析。经过分析飞行实际环境影响因素、关键传感器匹配性以及原理样机的试验验证等工作，将燃油箱氧浓度机载测量技术转化为专用的飞机燃油箱氧浓度机载测量系统，并通过了飞行实测考验。试飞结果表明，该项技术能够实时准确测量运输类飞机各种状态下的燃油箱氧浓度，满足飞机燃油箱惰化系统的效能评估要求。     

有机激发三重态参与的光化学反应研究进展

光化学反应包括直接光解和间接氧化反应，其中间接氧化反应主要通过活性氧化性物种（reactive oxygen species, ROS）包括单线态氧（¹O₂）、过氧自由基（{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}）和羟基自由基（·OH）等进行。近年来，有机激发三重态（³C^*）作为一种特殊的氧化剂参与光化学反应引起了广泛关注。本文主要综述了有机三重态光敏剂的形成和光化学反应机制、³C^*参与的环境光化学反应、³C^*自由基寿命、反应速率及稳态浓度测定和激发三重态的应用5个方面，并对未来有机分子激发三重态的研究方向进行了展望，指出³C^*是很多挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）或半/中等挥发性有机化合物（S/IVOCs）在大气中重要的汇，自然水体中溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter，DOM）的激发三重态（³DOM^*）是污染物降解的主要氧化剂。今后应扩大³C^*与有机物反应的研究范畴，测定不同体系中³C^*的稳态浓度、产生速率（量子产率）等，为污染物治理提供理论依据。     

Oxygen concentration measurement and control of lead-bismuth eutectic in a small,static experimental facility

ABSTRACT

Oxygen measurement and control system is critical for minimizing corrosion in nuclear systems. Oxygen measurement and control tools use lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and pure lead as a coolant or as a spallation target. Oxygen can be supplied by either gas phase (H₂O or O₂) or solid phase (PbO dissolution); thus, oxygen control includes both gas phase and solid phase methods. This article focuses on oxygen concentration measurement and control of lead-bismuth eutectic in a small, static experimental facility. This facility was developed for oxygen sensor calibration and gas/solid phase control systems test programs. The oxygen sensor with Nano Cu/Cu₂O closely the Nernstian behavior down to 195°C; the oxygen sensor measurement accuracy satisfied the requirements of subsequent experiments. The gas phase control system (verified according to different type of mass transfer, such as air, H₂O, gas injection, and coverage) and the solid phase control system were very successful in small experimental devices. Accurate oxygen concentration control was achieved with both the gas and solid phase control systems.     

游离氨耦联溶解氧调控高氮豆制品废水脱氮探究

为了实现高氮豆制品废水短程硝化的快速启动与稳定运行,采用了游离氨(FA)耦联溶解氧(DO)的策略进行调控。结果表明,当ρ(DO)在0.2~1.2 mg/L时,豆制品废水均能成功启动亚硝化,并且随着ρ(DO)的增加,达到完全亚硝化的周期数增加。ρ(DO)的升高促进硝化速率,并且当ρ(DO)在1.2~1.5 mg/L时,初始硝化速度为8.5 mg/(g·h),显著高于其他实验组。在FA耦联DO控制豆制品废水短程硝化过程中,而当ρ(FA)控制在6.5~7.0 mg/L时,豆制品废水短程硝化进入稳定期,Nitrosomonas europaea和Nitrosomonas stercoris增加至30.5%和21.3%。     

氧空位超薄Co2AlO4纳米片的合成及其增强电催化氧析出反应（英文）

本文报道了通过脱合金和后续退火工艺合成一种新型超薄二维尖晶石结构的Co2Al O4纳米片.通过温和的溶剂热还原法将氧空位缺陷引入Co2Al O4纳米片中,使得电化学表面积增大,活性位密度变高,钴原子得到电子而产生更多的空轨道.这些空轨道有利于接受水分子中氧原子的孤对电子,促进水分子的活化.含有氧空位的超薄Co2Al O4纳米片在10 m A cm^-2时的过电位为280 m V,塔菲尔斜率为70.98 m V dec^-1.此外,其在碱性溶液中也表现出显著的稳定性,并且优于多数已报道的Co3O4电催化剂.该工作为制备高效的可持续新能源材料提供了新思路.     

Oak wine barrel as an active vessel: A critical review of past and current knowledge

ABSTRACT

We review the role of the oak barrel as an active vessel for wine maturation. We present a historical background to highlight that previously established aspects of processes occurring with wine inside the oak barrel are still without confirmation. We argue that recently published new findings on the topic are determining factors in defining the manner in which the oak barrel works with wine. Several studies have been published reviewing how the wine barrel functions as an active vessel that releases chemical compounds into the wine, improving its physical, chemical, and sensory properties. Nevertheless, there are hardly any studies that describe how a wine barrel functions as an active vessel. The present review details the main factors affecting the gas exchange capacity of the barrel, such as the pressure drop generated within the barrel, the formation of a headspace, the effect of wood anatomy, the different oxygen entry routes, the role of wood moisture content and soluble ellagitannins, and the effect of barrel toasting on cooperage. Finally, a hypothesis is proposed regarding the function of the barrel as an active vessel, which determines the manner in which it interacts with the wine that it contains during aging.     

碳脱氧在钢包顶渣改质中的应用

 为了进一步降低夹杂物缺陷并提高产品质量,基于碳脱氧进行了钢包顶渣改质的研究。冷轧产品的生产工艺为铁水预处理→转炉→RH精炼→连铸,为减少钢中夹杂物质量分数,需要进行钢包顶渣改质,同时降低钢包顶渣TFe质量分数。采用粒碳部分替代铝渣球的方法进行基于碳脱氧工艺的钢包顶渣改质,试验结果表明,顶渣改质效果良好,在顶渣TFe质量分数、中间包钢水游离氧明显降低的同时铸坯中Al₂O₃夹杂物得到优化;“30 kg粒渣+铝渣球”工艺降低生产成本5.16元/t(钢)。     

Dichloroacetate Radiosensitizes Hypoxic Breast Cancer Cells

Mitochondrial metabolism is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Reprogramming metabolic pathways can potentially sensitize tumors with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), to chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a specific inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which leads to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS are the primary effector molecules of radiation and an increase hereof will enhance the radioresponse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DCA and radiotherapy on two TNBC cell lines, namely EMT6 and 4T1, under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. As expected, DCA treatment decreased phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lowered both extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and lactate production. Remarkably, DCA treatment led to a significant increase in ROS production (up to 15-fold) in hypoxic cancer cells but not in aerobic cells. Consistently, DCA radiosensitized hypoxic tumor cells and 3D spheroids while leaving the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the tumor cells unchanged. Our results suggest that although described as an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-promoting drug, DCA can also increase hypoxic radioresponses. This study therefore paves the way for the targeting of mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxic cancer cells, in particular to combat radioresistance.